This section contains shape functions for 3-D shell elements. These elements are available in a number of configurations, including certain combinations of the following features:
triangular or quadrilateral.
- if quadrilateral, with or without extra shape functions (ESF).
with or without rotational degrees of freedom (RDOF).
- if with RDOF, with or without shear deflections (SD).
with or without midside nodes.
These shape functions are for 3-D 3-node triangular shell elements without RDOF, such as SHELL131 or SHELL132:
 | (11–49) |
 | (11–50) |
 | (11–51) |
 | (11–52) |
 | (11–53) |
 | (11–54) |
 | (11–55) |
 | (11–56) |
These shape functions are for 3-D 6-node triangular shell elements without RDOF, such as SHELL281 when used as a triangle:
 | (11–57) |
 | (11–58) |
 | (11–59) |
 | (11–60) |
 | (11–61) |
 | (11–62) |
 | (11–63) |
 | (11–64) |
 | (11–65) |
These shape functions are for the 3-D 3-node triangular shell elements with RDOF, but without shear deflection.:
 | (11–66) |
 | (11–67) |
 | (11–68) |
These shape functions are for 3-D 4-node triangular shell elements without RDOF and without extra displacement shapes:
 | (11–69) |
 | (11–70) |
 | (11–71) |
 | (11–72) |
 | (11–73) |
 | (11–74) |
 | (11–75) |
 | (11–76) |
 | (11–77) |
 | (11–78) |
 | (11–79) |
 | (11–80) |
 | (11–81) |
These shape functions are for 3-D 4-node quadrilateral shell elements without RDOF but with extra shape functions:
 | (11–82) |
 | (11–83) |
These shape functions are for 3-D 8-node quadrilateral shell elements without RDOF, such as SHELL281:
 | (11–84) |
 | (11–85) |
 | (11–86) |
 | (11–87) |
 | (11–88) |
 | (11–89) |
 | (11–90) |
 | (11–91) |
 | (11–92) |
 | (11–93) |
